Peer-Reviewed Published Research
Science-of-Reading Academic Papers on The APPLE Group
Connections: OG in 3D® as Science of Reading Whole Class Curriculum
PEDAGOGICAL EFFICACY OF CONNECTIONS-OG IN 3-D®: A READING PROGRAM BASED ON THE SCIENCE OF READING
Klages, Carol. Frontiers in Educational Technology, vol. 3, no. 4, 2020, p. 10.
Abstract
No one disputes the importance of reading to life, career, and success. What is under debate is how to teach one to read. This research investigation analyzes the pedagogical efficacy of the Connections-OG in 3-D® reading program. Connections: OG in 3D® is a structured literacy curriculum that systematically teaches the entire structure of the English language. Each lesson provides direct, explicit instruction in the five components of reading, as outlined in the NRP Report (2000). Five elementary schools, in Arkansas and Missouri, used this program with fidelity to teach all their early elementary students how to read. The application of the Connections: OG in 3D® began in 2017 and continues to present day. Each school conducted its own assessments to determine student reading success. These assessments were collected, analyzed, and reviewed by sources outside the school district and Connections: OG in 3D®. The results of utilizing a structured literacy program based on the science of teaching reading is shared.
Connections: OG in 3D® as Dyslexia Program
LINKING SCIENCE-BASED RESEARCH WITH A STRUCTURED LITERACY PROGRAM TO TEACH STUDENTS WITH DYSLEXIA TO READ: CONNECTIONS: OG IN 3-D®
Klages, Carol. READING IMPROVEMENT, Volume 57 Number 2 Summer 2020, vol. 57, no. 2, 2020, p. 47.
Abstract
Reading is a vital skill for functioning in society. People need to read road signs, prescription labels, restaurant menus, and job applications just to make it through everyday life. Unfortunately, approximately 20% of the population (Washburn, & Joshi, & Binks-Cantrell, 2011) are said to be dyslexic which means they will struggle learning to read. Evidence supports that learning to read based on science-based strategies that are taught systematically and explicitly to all students, but especially those who are dyslexic (Cowan, 2016). Illiteracy stems from lack of suitable reading instruction in the early school years. Since reading is not a natural process, literacy must be taught through the lens of the science of reading. Literacy teaching must incorporate all the elements and modalities in a comprehensive, research-based program. One such program is The Apple Group Connections: OG in 3D® (Frierson & Scholtens, 2014{Connections®}) science-based reading. Connections® is an efficacious methodology for addressing reading differences such as dyslexia with proven reading results.
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